plonger

ภาษาฝรั่งเศส

รากศัพท์

จากภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า plongier, จากละตินตลาด *plumbicare, จากภาษาละติน plumbum.

การออกเสียง

• สัทอักษรสากล^{(คำอธิบาย)}: /plɔ̃.ʒe/

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คำกริยา

plonger

1. ดำน้ำ
2. จ้วง, โผ

การผันรูป

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written plonge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

การผันรูปของ plonger (ดูเพิ่ม ภาคผนวก:คำกริยาภาษาฝรั่งเศส)

infinitive	simple	plonger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	plongeant /plɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		plongé /plɔ̃.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/	plonges /plɔ̃ʒ/	plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/	plongeons /plɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/	plongez /plɔ̃.ʒe/	plongent /plɔ̃ʒ/
	imperfect	plongeais /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/	plongeais /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/	plongeait /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/	plongions /plɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	plongiez /plɔ̃.ʒje/	plongeaient /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	plongeai /plɔ̃.ʒe/	plongeas /plɔ̃.ʒa/	plongea /plɔ̃.ʒa/	plongeâmes /plɔ̃.ʒam/	plongeâtes /plɔ̃.ʒat/	plongèrent /plɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/
	future	plongerai /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/	plongeras /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/	plongera /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/	plongerons /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/	plongerez /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/	plongeront /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	plongerais /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	plongerais /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	plongerait /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	plongerions /plɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	plongeriez /plɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/	plongeraient /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/	plonges /plɔ̃ʒ/	plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/	plongions /plɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	plongiez /plɔ̃.ʒje/	plongent /plɔ̃ʒ/
	imperfect2	plongeasse /plɔ̃.ʒas/	plongeasses /plɔ̃.ʒas/	plongeât /plɔ̃.ʒa/	plongeassions /plɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	plongeassiez /plɔ̃.ʒa.sje/	plongeassent /plɔ̃.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/	—	plongeons /plɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/	plongez /plɔ̃.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

คำที่เกี่ยวข้อง

• plonge
• plongée
• plongement
• plongeoir
• plongeon
• plongeur
• se plonger

อ่านเพิ่ม

• “plonger” ใน le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).