local export = {}
local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("id")
local u = require("Module:string/char")
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local AC = u(0x0301) -- acute = ́
local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀
local CFLEX = u(0x0302) -- circumflex = ̂
local MAC = u(0x0304) -- macron
local BR = u(0x0306) -- breve = ˘
local vowel = "aeéèioòuəɛɔ" -- vowel
local V = "[" .. vowel .. "]"
local accent = AC .. GR .. MAC .. BR
local accent_c = "[" .. accent .. "]"
local stress_c = "[" .. MAC .. BR .. "]"
local ipa_stress = "ˈ"
local ipa_stress_c = "[" .. ipa_stress .. "]"
local separator = "# ."
local separator_c = "[" .. separator .. "]"
local C = "[^" .. vowel .. separator .. "]" -- consonant
local unstressed_words = require("Module:table").listToSet({ --feel free to add more unstressed words
"di", "ké", -- prepositions
"dan", -- conjunctions
"ku", "mu", "nya", -- pronouns
})
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval, nsubs > 0
end
-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
while true do
local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
if new_term == term then
return term
end
term = new_term
end
end
-- ĵ, ɟ and ć are used internally to represent [d͡ʒ], [j] and [t͡ʃ]
--
function export.IPA(text, phonetic)
local debug = {}
text = ulower(text or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)
-- decompose everything but é, è
text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text)
text = rsub(text, "." .. "[" .. AC .. CFLEX .. GR .. "]", {
["e" .. AC] = "é",
["e" .. GR] = "è",
["o" .. GR] = "ò", -- O as in the Javanese place names "Solo", "Purwokerto", "Probolinggo"
})
-- convert commas and en/en dashes to IPA foot boundaries
text = rsub(text, "%s*[,–—]%s*", " | ")
-- question mark or exclamation point in the middle of a sentence -> IPA foot boundary
text = rsub(text, "([^%s])%s*[!?]%s*([^%s])", "%1 | %2")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces and remove leading and trailing spaces
local function canon_spaces(text)
text = rsub(text, "%s+", " ")
text = rsub(text, "^ ", "")
text = rsub(text, " $", "")
return text
end
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- Make prefixes unstressed unless they have an explicit stress marker; also make certain
-- monosyllabic words (e.g. [[di]], [[ke]], [[se-]], [[ban]], etc.) without stress marks be
-- unstressed.
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(words) do
if rfind(word, "%-$") and not rfind(word, accent_c) or unstressed_words[word] then
-- add BR to the last vowel not the first one
-- adding the BR after the 'u'
words[i] = rsub(word, "^(.*" .. V .. ")", "%1" .. BR)
end
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- Convert hyphens to spaces
text = rsub(text, "%-", " ")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces again, which may have been introduced by hyphens
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- now eliminate punctuation
text = rsub(text, "[!?']", "")
-- put # at word beginning and end and double ## at text/foot boundary beginning/end
text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #")
text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##"
table.insert(debug, text)
--"i" or "u" to glide (as part of a diphthong)
text = rsub(text, "(" .. V .. ")i([#.])", "%1ɟ%2")
text = rsub(text, "(" ..V.. ")u([#.])", "%1w%2")
-- syllable-initial X (e.g. in [[xenofobia]], [[xenon]], [[xilofon]])
text = rsub(text, "x("..V..")", "s%1")
-- handle certain combinations; kh, ng, ny and sy handling needs to go first
text = rsub(text, "kh", "x")
text = rsub(text, "ng", "ŋ")
text = rsub(text, "ny", "ɲ")
text = rsub(text, "sy", "ʃ")
table.insert(debug, text)
--alphabet-to-phoneme
text = rsub(text, "[ceéègjòqvy]",
--["g"]="ɡ": U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G → U+0261 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
{ ["c"] = "ć", ["e"] = "ə", ["é"] = "e", ["è"] = "ɛ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["j"] = "ĵ", ["ò"] = "ɔ", ["q"] = "k", ["y"] = "j" })
-- glottal stop. use also to replace "k" when this corresponds to it
text = rsub(text, "7", "ʔ")
table.insert(debug, text)
--syllable division
local vowel_to_glide = { ["i"] = "j", ["u"] = "w" }
-- i, o and u between vowels -> j and u e.g. [[rangkaian]])
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. ")([iu])(" .. V .. ")",
function(v1, iu, v2)
return v1 .. vowel_to_glide[iu] .. v2
end
)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .."*)(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .."*" .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .."*" .. C .. "+)(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeiouɛɔ]" .. accent_c .. "*)([aeiouɛɔ])", "%1.%2")
table.insert(debug, text)
local accent_to_stress_mark = { [MAC] = "ˈ", [BR] = "" }
local function accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Now stress the word. If any accent exists in the word (including breves indicating an unaccented word),
-- put the stress mark(s) at the beginning of the indicated syllable(s). Otherwise, apply the default
-- stress rule.
if rfind(word, accent_c) then
for i = 1, #syllables do
syllables[i] = rsub(syllables[i], "^(.*)(" .. accent_c .. ")(.*)$",
function(pre, accent, post)
return accent_to_stress_mark[accent] .. pre .. post
end
)
end
else
-- Default stress rule. Words without vowels (e.g. IPA foot boundaries) don't get stress.
if #syllables > 1 and (rfind(word, "[^aəeéèioòuɛɔʔbcdfgɡhjɟĵklmnŋɲpqrstvwxz#]#")) or #syllables == 1 and rfind(word, V) then
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
elseif #syllables <= 2 and rfind(word, "[ə]") then
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
elseif #syllables >= 3 and rfind(word, "[ə]") then
syllables[#syllables - 1] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables - 1]
elseif #syllables > 1 then
syllables[#syllables - 1] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables - 1]
end
end
end
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for j, word in ipairs(words) do
local syllables = rsplit(word, "%.")
accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Reconstruct the word.
words[j] = table.concat(syllables, phonetic and "." or "")
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- suppress syllable mark before IPA stress indicator
text = rsub(text, "%.(" .. ipa_stress_c .. ")", "%1")
table.insert(debug, text)
--phonetic transcription
if phonetic then
table.insert(debug, text)
--phonemic diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "([aeou])([ɟj])([#.ˈ])", "%1i̯%3")
text = rsub(text, "([a])w([#.ˈ])", "%1u̯%2")
table.insert(debug, text)
--change e, i, u in closed final syllables
text = rsub(text, "([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprsʃtwz])e([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprstwz])([#])","%1ɛ%2%3")
text = rsub(text, "([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprsʃtwz])i([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprstwz])([#])","%1ɪ%2%3")
text = rsub(text, "([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprsʃtwz])u([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprstwz])([#])","%1ʊ%2%3")
table.insert(debug, text)
--i, u in closed stressed syllables with nasal coda
text = rsub(text, "([ˈ])([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprsʃtwz])ɪ([mnŋ])([.#])","%1%2i%3%4")
text = rsub(text, "([ˈ])([bćdfhjĵɟklmnɲŋprsʃtwz])ʊ([mnŋ])([.#])","%1%2u%3%4")
table.insert(debug, text)
--devoice final B, D an G
text = rsub(text, "b([#.ˈ])","p̚%1")
text = rsub(text, "d([#.ˈ])","t̚%1")
text = rsub(text, "ɡ([#.ˈ])","k̚%1")
--/n/ and /ŋ/ sandhi
text = rsub(text,"([nŋ])([# .]*[bpm])", "m%2")
text = rsub(text,"([ŋ])([ˈˌ# .]*[dlstz])","n%2")
text = rsub(text,"([n])([ˈˌ# .]*[ćĵʃ])","ɲ%2")
--final K to glottal stop
text = rsub(text, "k([#.ˈ])","ʔ%1")
--dental T
text = rsub(text, "t","t̪")
--V to F
text = rsub(text, "v","f")
mw.log(text)
end
table.insert(debug, text)
-- convert fake symbols to real ones
local final_conversions = {
["ć"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "c" to real "c"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "i" to real "i"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
local final_conversions_phonetic = {
["ć"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "c" to real "c"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "i" to real "i"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
if phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "[ćɟĵ]", final_conversions_phonetic)
end
text = rsub(text, "[ćɟĵ]", final_conversions)
if not phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "[.]", "")
end
-- remove # symbols at word and text boundaries
text = rsub(text, "#", "")
return mw.ustring.toNFC(text)
end
function export.show(frame)
local params = {
[1] = {},
["pre"] = {},
}
local parargs = frame:getParent().args
local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params)
local results = {}
local text = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. export.IPA(text, false) .. "/" })
table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. export.IPA(text, true) .. "]" })
local pre = args.pre and args.pre .. " " or ""
return "* " .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results }
end
return export
