essayer

ภาษาฝรั่งเศส

รากศัพท์

จากภาษาฝรั่งเศสกลาง essayer, essaier, จากภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า essaiier, essayer, essaier, จากessay, essai (“attempt; assay; experiment”) + -er (“infinitive-forming suffix”), จากภาษาละตินยุคปลาย exagium (“weight; weighing, testing on the balance”), จากภาษาละติน exigere + -ium, จากex- + agere, จากภาษาอิตาลิกดั้งเดิม *agō, จากภาษาอินโด-ยูโรเปียนดั้งเดิม *h₂éǵeti.

การออกเสียง

• สัทอักษรสากล^{(คำอธิบาย)}: /e.sɛ.je/, /e.se.je/

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คำกริยา

essayer

1. (สกรรม) ทดสอบ
2. (with "de") ทดลอง

การผันรูป

This is a regular -er verb as far as pronunciation is concerned, but as with other verbs in -ayer (such as payer and essayer, the <y> of its stem may optionally be written as <i> when it precedes a silent <e> (compare verbs in -eyer, which never have this spelling change, and verbs in -oyer and -uyer, which always have it; verbs in -ayer belong to either group, according to the writer's preference).

การผันรูปของ essayer (ดูเพิ่ม ภาคผนวก:คำกริยาภาษาฝรั่งเศส)

infinitive	simple	essayer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	essayant /e.sɛ.jɑ̃/ or /e.se.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		essayé /e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	essaye or essaie /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/	essayes or essaies /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/	essaye or essaie /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/	essayons /e.sɛ.jɔ̃/ or /e.se.jɔ̃/	essayez /e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/	essayent or essaient /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
	imperfect	essayais /e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/	essayais /e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/	essayait /e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/	essayions /e.sɛj.jɔ̃/ or /e.sej.jɔ̃/	essayiez /e.sɛj.je/ or /e.sej.je/	essayaient /e.sɛ.jɛ/ or /e.se.jɛ/
	past historic2	essayai /e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/	essayas /e.sɛ.ja/ or /e.se.ja/	essaya /e.sɛ.ja/ or /e.se.ja/	essayâmes /e.sɛ.jam/ or /e.se.jam/	essayâtes /e.sɛ.jat/ or /e.se.jat/	essayèrent /e.sɛ.jɛʁ/ or /e.se.jɛʁ/
	future	essayerai or essaierai /e.sɛj.ʁe/ or /e.sɛ.ʁe/	essayeras or essaieras /e.sɛj.ʁa/ or /e.sɛ.ʁa/	essayera or essaiera /e.sɛj.ʁa/ or /e.sɛ.ʁa/	essayerons or essaierons /e.sɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɔ̃/	essayerez or essaierez /e.sɛj.ʁe/ or /e.sɛ.ʁe/	essayeront or essaieront /e.sɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	essayerais or essaierais /e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/	essayerais or essaierais /e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/	essayerait or essaierait /e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/	essayerions or essaierions /e.sɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.sɛ.ʁjɔ̃/	essayeriez or essaieriez /e.sɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /e.sɛ.ʁje/	essayeraient or essaieraient /e.sɛj.ʁɛ/ or /e.sɛ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	essaye or essaie /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/	essayes or essaies /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/	essaye or essaie /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/	essayions /e.sɛj.jɔ̃/ or /e.sej.jɔ̃/	essayiez /e.sɛj.je/ or /e.sej.je/	essayent or essaient /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/
	imperfect2	essayasse /e.sɛ.jas/ or /e.se.jas/	essayasses /e.sɛ.jas/ or /e.se.jas/	essayât /e.sɛ.ja/ or /e.se.ja/	essayassions /e.sɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /e.se.ja.sjɔ̃/	essayassiez /e.sɛ.ja.sje/ or /e.se.ja.sje/	essayassent /e.sɛ.jas/ or /e.se.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	essaye or essaie /e.sɛj/ or /e.sɛ/	—	essayons /e.sɛ.jɔ̃/ or /e.se.jɔ̃/	essayez /e.sɛ.je/ or /e.se.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

คำที่เกี่ยวข้อง

• essai
• essayage
• essayeur

อ่านเพิ่ม

• “essayer” ใน le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

การสลับอักษร

• ressaye, ressayé